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Collapsing Trachea

The trachea is the main airway that delivers air from the oral cavity into the lungs when the chest cavity expands to breathe.  There are two portions of the trachea: the extrathoracic trachea in the neck, and the intrathoracic trachea inside the chest.  As it courses into the chest cavity the trachea then splits into two primary bronchi that bring air directly to each individual lung, respectively.  Collapsing trachea results when the cartilaginous rings of the trachea lose their structural integrity and partially collapse during inhalation.  Depending on the severity of the tracheal collapse, this can create a choking sensation for the dog, or progress to near asphyxiation.

Chest and neck x-rays of dog with collaping trachea

This problem occurs most commonly in toy breed dogs, overrepresented especially in Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians. and Chihuahuas. Collapsing trachea most commonly manifests in middle to senior years, but can occur at any age. The cause if largely accepted to be hereditary.

While the cause is structural, the presence of obesity or hear enlargement can be exacerbating factors in worsening the severity of clinical signs.

TREATMENT

  • Obesity management – a healthier weight very often helps reduce the severity of clinical signs of disease.
  • Refrain from smoking in the home and use air purifiers to keep clean air in the home.  Any inflammatory particles in the home can worsen collapsing trachea signs.
  • Cough suppressants such as hydrocodone or torbutrol may be helpful.
  • Corticosteroids such as prednisone can be helpful to reduce inflammation caused by the collapse
  • Airway dilators such as theophylline or terbutaline are largely considered to be of minimal benefit because they work on the lower, smaller airways in the lungs and have little to no effect on the trachea.

In any case, treatment involved putting medical treatment toward a problem the is largely structural. In cases where medical management fails to maintain reasonable quality of life, surgery may be considered.

SURGERY

If medical management does not help, it is possible that surgery called a tracheal stent may be of benefit. A metallic mesh is inserted into the region of tracheal collapse and keeps keeps the trachea open and patent.

Tracheal stent surgery dogs

This surgery is most effective for extrathoracic collapsing trachea.  For intrathoracic collapsing, trachea stent surgery carries a lower success rate and carries a higher rate of complication.

 

Roger L. Welton, DVM

Founder and Chief Editor, Web-DVM.net

CEO Premier Veterinary Care

Host Space Coast Pet Podcast

Author, The Man in the White Coat

19 thoughts on “Collapsing Trachea

  1. Bella says:

    I had a 17 year old Maltses, she was three months shy of being 18 years old. My dog never experienced coughing but she started going into bouts of respiratory distress other that she was completely healthy but had cushings. I’m not understanding why surgeon would do a stent replacement on a 17-year-old dog almost 18. I was never told to mortality rate, I was told that she could last a year to two years. I’m not understanding why a vet would risk her life?

  2. Marisella Tresiana Cottafavi says:

    I am in a quandary right now, as I have a 17 years old pug who suffers from an elongated palate and apparently from a tracheal collapse. The vets advised to have an endoscopy performed and a surgery afterwards. And a possible tracheotomy afterwards which will make her stay at the clinic for at least ten days so she can be adequately and properly mbedicated.
    When I asked the vet his opinion on doing surgery to a very senior dog, his answer was, if it was his dog, he will certainly do it but with the knowledge that the dog may not survive. My pug is under sedation for the past 5 days because she’s turned very anxious. She is in and out of cage with oxygen. She cannot breath properly without oxygen.
    I am against making her undergo an operation which will cause unnecessary suffering and which I am not sure if she can survive.
    What are the chances of a 17 years old pug surviving this?

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